Theory of Change
At a basic level, the logic model is a tool for organizing and monitoring actions and results. At a more sophisticated level, the logic model is grounded in a theory of change. A theory of change is a
strategic picture of the multiple interventions required to produce the early and intermediate outcomes that are preconditions of reaching an ultimate goal (Anderson, 2005, p. 3).
A theory of change depicts a progression of results at the strategic level while a logic model outlines the program level “map” of the change process. The logic model is a way to illustrate the program’s theory. The early and intermediate steps need to be assessed in order to insure a logical sequential progression of steps to the intended long-term changes. As an example of the sequential flow of the logic model, Short-term Outcomes might focus on Deepened Awareness, Attitude Change and Knowledge Gains. Intermediate outcomes begin to phase in Skill Gains, Intention to Change Behavior, Increased Motivation, and, ideally, the onset of behavioral change. Long-term Outcomes are a result of the program as well as other external influences. Figure 3 shows a progression of steps of incremental behavioral change, a model applied in the health field but pertaining to personal growth in general.
Transforming the G.R.O.W. Coaching Model into a Logic Model
The G.R.O.W. Coaching Model1 is one of the most recognized coaching models. The acronym G.R.O.W. stands for the four key components central to any meaningful decision-making process. All major iterations of the G.R.O.W. model share the same meaning for the first three letters: “G” for the Goal the individual hopes to achieve; “R” for the contextual Realities the individual must consider or face; and “O” for the Options available to the individual. The fourth letter, “W,” as originally defined by Alan Fine means “Way Forward” or a specific action plan that maximizes the proactive intentionality of the G.R.O.W. Model. As described by Fine, “The Way Forward makes the decision process something tangible and actionable, where it becomes very clear to the person making the decision what should happen next…In the absence of motivating clarity,…people simply don’t take action” (InsideOut Development, 2010). Other commonly accepted interpretations for the “W” are Will” and “Wrap Up” which both reflect taking definitive steps towards reaching a goal.
Based on a sequential structure, the G.R.O.W. Model lends itself to the logic model framework. Although not similar in graphical representation, the G.R.O.W. Model and the logic model framework have common elements or underlying concepts: goals,resources, options (or outcomes), actions (or activities) and a plan that reflects continued action. Both models suggest progress in reaching goals and realizing results based on specific action steps. Figure 4 shows a simple conversion of the G.R.O.W. model components to a modified logic model framework.