The logic model focuses on program planning and program results. Logic model components reflecting the planning perspective are Resources, Activities and Outputs. Logic model components reflecting program results are Short-term, Intermediate and Long-term Outcomes. Resources refer to the funds, staff, in-kind support, and partnerships in place to facilitate or support the program. Activities are those typically outlined in a work plan and are aligned with program objectives. Outputs are the direct results of the activities such as number of participants served. Outcomes are directly related to Activities, reflect the demonstrable change in the subject audience, and are aligned with the broader program goals. Outcomes are linked to measurable Indicators that assess the degree to which the Outcomes have been achieved. See Figure 1 for a description of the logic model components.
Outcomes, the benefits for program participants, can include change in awareness, knowledge, attitudes, motivation, skills, intention to act, and new or modified behavior. Not always reported within the logic model template per se, Indicators are essential to the evaluative aspect of the logic model and planning process. Indicators are the specific data collected to track the outcomes and measure evidence of participant success. How well participants perform on the indicators is compared to a predetermined standard of excellence or progress. Effective and meaningful Indicators are SMART; i.e., Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Time-bound (Herinckx, n.d.). See Figure 2 for a general logic model template. Ideally, a logic model is a one-page document.